gauge-invariant approximation

См. также в других словарях:

• Gauge fixing — Quantum field theory (Feynman diagram) …   Wikipedia

• BRST quantization — In theoretical physics, BRST quantization (where the BRST refers to Becchi, Rouet, Stora and Tyutin) is a relatively rigorous mathematical approach to quantizing a field theory with a gauge symmetry. Quantization rules in earlier QFT frameworks… …   Wikipedia

• Cosmological perturbation theory — See also: structure formation , cosmic microwave background radiation , and general relativity In physical cosmology, cosmological perturbation theory is the theory by which the evolution of structure is understood in the big bang model. It… …   Wikipedia

• Structure formation — refers to a fundamental problem in physical cosmology. The universe, as is now known from observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, began in a hot, dense, nearly uniform state approximately 13.7 Gyr ago. [cite journal |author=D.… …   Wikipedia

• Quantum chromodynamics — Standard model of particle physics Standard Model …   Wikipedia

• Contributors to general relativity — General relativity Introduction Mathematical formulation Resources Fundamental concepts …   Wikipedia

• AdS/CFT correspondence — For the relation of the AdS/CFT correspondence to the general context of string theory, see String theory. The conformal field theory, which may be a gauge theory lies on the conformal boundary of anti deSitter space with quantum gravity. In… …   Wikipedia

• Dirac bracket — The Dirac bracket is a generalization of the Poisson bracket developed by Paul Dirac to correctly treat systems with second class constraints in Hamiltonian mechanics and canonical quantization. It is an important part of Dirac s development of… …   Wikipedia

• electromagnetic radiation — Physics. radiation consisting of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x rays, and gamma rays. [1950 55] * * * Energy propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of… …   Universalium

• Solutions of the Einstein field equations — Where appropriate, this article will use the abstract index notation. Solutions of the Einstein field equations are spacetimes that result from solving the Einstein field equations (EFE) of general relativity. Solving the field equations actually …   Wikipedia

• Dimensional deconstruction — In theoretical physics, dimensional deconstruction is a method to construct d dimensional theories that behave as higher dimensional theories in a certain range of energies. The resulting theory is a gauge theory whose gauge group is a direct… …   Wikipedia